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February 27, 2007

Accounting and the military

Jack Granatstein reveals some of the real data behind the mind-bogglingly big numbers of military contracts:

The first is something called the accrual system of accounting. In the past, Canadian governments bought a truck for $25,000 and charged that sum to a department's budget. The costs of gas, oil, and maintenance five, 10, and 20 years down the road were charged to future budgets. In accrual accounting, perhaps more reasonably, the costs of operating the truck 20 years into the future are charged to today's budget. That $25,000 truck now becomes a $125,000 charge on this year's budget funding.

This matters. Consider the four C-17s the Harper government has agreed to buy. Each of the huge transports costs about $250-million. The accrual cost, again in round numbers, is $4-billion. Many Canadians remain unaware of the change in accounting methodology, and government rules (or practice) do not appear to permit explanation. So a $1-billion purchase of necessary equipment appears to many as a $4-billion boondoggle. It's not, but it's a hard sell for all of us whose eyes glaze over at the mention of accountants' rules. The answer, of course, is to explain defence purchases (and purchases in every other government department, as well) by making it clear that the total lifetime package is included in the announced sum.

Part of the difficulty in grasping this is that most of us, in our private lives, do not do anything of the sort in our own household budgets . . . we think of the sticker price of your car as "the cost", ignoring the finance costs of a car loan, the regular maintenance, the insurance, the license stickers, and all the other sundry other costs of car ownership. If we did think in this way, we'd all be much more careful in how we spent our money!

The other part of the problem is that the information is presented in the media as if a line of Brinks trucks were taking money from all the "good" areas the government also funds and physically moving all those loonies in through the gates of CFB Boondoggle and handing them over to General Simon Legree.

Posted by Nicholas at February 27, 2007 11:41 AM
Comments
Part of the difficulty in grasping this is that most of us, in our private lives, do not do anything of the sort in our own household budgets . . .
Actually, I do tend to think this way. I see every utility bill as an opportunity cost against my budget for strippers.
... we think of the sticker price of your car as "the cost", ignoring the finance costs of a car loan, the regular maintenance, the insurance, the license stickers, and all the other sundry other costs of car ownership.
Just for the hell of it, here's the estimated lifetime cost for my Toyota Echo. I am assuming that I'll keep it for 8 years and drive it for 300,000 km.
23000	Purchase Price + Financing
  600	Tires at 120 K
  600	Tires at 240 K
17340	Fuel: 300,000 km at 6.8 litres/100km at 0.85/litre
  400	Brakes at 60 K
  400	Brakes at 120 K
  400	Brakes at 180 K
  400	Brakes at 240 K
 2500	Misc Maintenace
  600	Licensing: 8 years at $75/year
 8800	Insurance: 8 years at $1100/year

55040	Total

0.183466667	Total cost per km
Yikes! A $14,000 car ends up costing $55! Are you any better off leasing for three years and driving the full 60,000 km mileage allowance?
10764	Lease: $299/month × 26 months
 3300	Insurance: 3 years at $1100/year
 3468	Fuel: 60,000 km at 6.8 litres/100km at 0.85/litre
  225	Licensing: 3 years at $75/year

17757	Total

0.29595	Total cost per km
Nope.
If we did think in this way, we'd all be much more careful in how we spent our money!
I don't think it really matters all that much. We're pretty much screwed no matter what we do. Posted by: Jon at February 27, 2007 01:44 PM
Ok ok ok. Yes, I know I left out oil changes. Fine. Whatever. And yes, I know that the total annual cost shows leasing to be the better deal: you spend $5919 a year there, compared to $6880 per year with ownership. However, if you drove 300,000 km at leasing's cost-per-km rate, you'd spend $88785 in total. Now get off my case. Posted by: Jon at February 27, 2007 01:51 PM
I'm not sure Granatstein is clear on what accrual accounting means. Here's how it's actually used in accounting circles: You're a business and you sell a t.v. in March, but the buyer uses a credit card. You won't actually get the money from the c.c. company until April. In your accounts, do you include the revenue from your sale in March, or April? Old-style accounting says April, accrual accounting says March, since you know you'll be getting the money. Ditto for the buyer's budget, since March is when you became obligated to pay. Accrual accounting as explained by Granatstein makes no sense if we're making *annual* budgets, which is what the government is ostensibly announcing each February. Nobody makes purchases this way, laying out in year 1 all the associated costs for the next, say, twenty years! It would be idiotic to do so, not least of which because of dollar devaluation over time with inflation. And, paying for every future cost in advance is different from taking *immediate* ancillary costs (this year's gas, maintenance, financing costs, etc) into account. Accrual accounting as described by Granatstein thus gives a very warped view of our actual income flow *now*, unless they do the same thing on the income/tax revenue side (i.e., putting in this year's budget all anticipated revenue for the next 20 years), which they don't. But, you and Granatstein are right--when the government announces a gazillion bucks for some purchase, they really need to emphasize that this is how much it will cost over the life of the acquisition. Posted by: Matt at March 2, 2007 02:46 PM


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